Outdoor shoes, particularly those designed for specific activities like hiking or sports, may have spikes or studs for several reasons:

Traction: Spikes or studs on the outsole of outdoor shoes provide enhanced traction on various surfaces, such as grass, mud, or uneven terrain. They dig into the ground, preventing slips and improving stability.

Grip: The spikes or studs help grip the surface, especially in activities that involve quick changes in direction or sudden stops, like soccer or football. They provide better control and prevent sliding.

Performance: For sports like track and field or sprinting, spikes on shoes are designed to maximize speed. They reduce surface contact, allowing athletes to generate more force and propel themselves forward efficiently.

Safety: In some outdoor activities, such as hiking or mountaineering, spikes or crampons are used to provide grip on icy or snowy surfaces. They help prevent accidents and ensure safer movement in challenging conditions.

It's important to note that not all outdoor shoes have spikes or studs. The presence of spikes depends on the specific activity and the type of terrain the shoes are designed for. Different shoes are designed with different outsole patterns and materials to optimize performance and safety in specific environments.